Skip to content
$5

County radon report

Get it
Fix6 min read

How do you reduce radon gas in a basement?

By Radon411 Editorial TeamUpdated How we research

Short answer

The standard way to reduce radon in a basement is soil suction: a vent pipe and fan pull radon from beneath the floor and release it outdoors before it can get in, typically cutting levels by 50 to 99 percent. Sealing cracks helps that system work, but sealing alone is not recommended.

Next step: a certified professional designs and installs the fix. Find a mitigation professional

How do you get rid of radon in your basement? Stop it at the soil. A basement acts like a vacuum on the ground around it, drawing radon in through cracks and other openings, so the methods that work prevent radon from entering rather than chase it once it is inside. The most common, subslab suction, puts one or more suction pipes through the floor slab, and a radon vent fan draws the gas from below and vents it outdoors. Drain tiles, a capped sump or hollow block walls can serve as the suction point instead.

Sealing cracks and openings is a basic part of most approaches, but on its own it has not been shown to lower radon levels significantly or consistently. Opening windows lowers the level only for a while: once they are closed, radon most often returns to its previous level within about 12 hours.

What to do next: if you have one short-term result, confirm it with a follow-up test, then get quotes from certified professionals. Once the system is running, test again to confirm the level has come down, and retest at least every two years.

Why basements collect radon

A basement is the part of the house that sits in the soil the gas comes from. Air pressure inside a home is usually lower than the pressure in the soil around its foundation, so the home acts like a vacuum, drawing radon in through foundation cracks and other openings. Radon levels are usually higher in basements, cellars and living spaces in contact with the ground, and basements and first floors typically have the highest levels because they are closest to it.

House in cross-section showing where soil gas entersGround levelSoil and rockBasementSolid floorCrawl spaceSuspended floor1234567
  1. Cracks in solid floors
  2. Construction joints
  3. Cracks in walls
  4. Gaps in suspended floors
  5. Gaps around service pipes
  6. Cavities inside walls
  7. The water supply
The ways soil gas gets into a house. The highlighted ones are all in or around a basement.

That is why the fix for a basement is about the soil, not the room. The methods EPA generally recommends prevent radon from entering, rather than reduce it after it has come in.

The four soil suction methods for a basement

In a home with a basement, radon is usually reduced by one of four types of soil suction: subslab suction, drain-tile suction, sump-hole suction or block-wall suction. All four draw radon from below or around the basement and vent it outdoors before it can come in. Which one fits depends on what is already under and around the floor.

  • Basement

    • Active subslab suctionThe most common and usually the most reliable radon reduction methodOne or more suction pipes are inserted through the floor slab into the crushed rock or soil underneath.
    • Drain-tile suctionSuction on drain tiles or perforated pipe is often effective in reducing radon levels.
    • Sump-hole suctionThe sump can be capped so that it can continue to drain water and serve as the location for a radon suction pipe.
    • Block-wall suctionUsed in basement homes with hollow block foundation walls, often in combination with subslab suction.
    • Passive subslab suctionRelies on natural pressure differentials and air currents instead of a fan; generally not as effective in reducing high radon levels as active subslab suction.

Any type of home

  • Sealing cracks and openingsA basic part of most approaches, but EPA does not recommend the use of sealing alone to reduce radon.
  • House or room pressurizationShould only be considered after the other, more-common techniques have not sufficiently reduced radon.
  • Heat recovery ventilator (HRV)More effective in reducing radon levels when used to ventilate only the basement.
  • Natural ventilationShould normally be regarded as only a temporary radon reduction approach.

Some homes have more than one foundation design feature. In these situations, a combination of radon reduction techniques may be needed to reduce radon levels to below 4 pCi/L.

The radon reduction methods for a basement home, and the methods that apply to any type of home.
  • Subslab suction (subslab depressurization): suction pipes go through the floor slab into the crushed rock or soil underneath, and a radon vent fan draws the gas out. It is the most common and usually the most reliable method, and often only a single suction point is needed.
  • Drain-tile suction: some homes have drain tiles or perforated pipe that carry water away from the foundation, and suction on these is often effective.
  • Sump-hole suction: in a basement with a sump pump, the sump can be capped so that it keeps draining water and serves as the location for a radon suction pipe.
  • Block-wall suction: for basements with hollow block foundation walls, often in combination with subslab suction.

The step-by-step installation is on how to install a radon mitigation system in a basement, and the parts of a system are explained on radon mitigation systems.

How much each method lowers radon

The four suction methods share the same typical reduction, 50 to 99 percent, and subslab suction works best when air can move easily in the material under the slab. The methods that only dilute or block radon inside the house come out lower or less predictable.

Typical radon reduction, EPA

Basement and slab-on-grade homes

  • Subslab suction (subslab depressurization)50 to 99 percentWorks best if air can move easily in material under slab.
  • Drain tile suction50 to 99 percentCan work with either partial or complete drain tile loops.
  • Block-wall suction50 to 99 percentOnly in homes with hollow block-walls; requires sealing of major openings.
  • Sump-hole suction50 to 99 percentWorks best if air moves easily to sump from under the slab.

Any type of home

  • House (basement) pressurization50 to 99 percentWorks best with tight basement isolated from outdoors and upper floors.
  • Sealing of radon entry routesSee commentsNormally only used with other techniques; proper materials and installation required.
  • Natural ventilationVariable/TemporarySignificant heated or cooled air loss; operating costs depend on utility rates and amount of ventilation.
  • Heat recovery ventilation (HRV)VariableLimited use; effectiveness limited by radon concentration or the amount of ventilation air available for dilution by the HRV.
Typical radon reduction for the methods that apply to a basement.

A range, not a promise: what a given basement reaches depends on the soil under it, its starting level and the design. Ask whether a contractor's proposal includes a guarantee to reduce radon levels to 4 or below, and for how long.

Sealing, fans and open windows

These are the fixes people try first in a basement. Each has a role, but none of them replaces soil suction.

Do-it-yourself basement measures, and what each can do
MeasureWhat it can and cannot do
Sealing cracks and openingsA basic part of most approaches, and it makes other techniques more effective, but sealing alone has not been shown to lower radon levels significantly or consistently. Normal settling of a home opens new entry routes and reopens old ones.
Opening windows and ventsCan lower radon for a while, but once they are closed, radon most often returns to its previous level within about 12 hours. It is only a temporary approach.
Heat recovery ventilator (HRV)Adds ventilation and is more effective against radon when it ventilates only the basement. Its filter should be changed twice a year, and an HRV used for radon control should run all the time.
Basement pressurizationA fan blows air into the basement to keep radon out. It works best in a tight basement isolated from outdoors and upper floors, and is a last resort after the more common techniques have not worked.

A plain exhaust fan is its own question: the page on whether a basement exhaust fan reduces radon goes through it, and how to seal basement floor cracks for radon covers sealing as part of a system.

After the system is running

A basement system is only finished when a test shows it worked. Test within 30 days of installation, once the fan has been running, and get an independent follow-up measurement as well as any test the contractor does.

Timeline after a radon mitigation system is installed: the fan runs continuously, test no sooner than 24 hours and within 30 days, then retest at least every two years.
Read this figure as text
  1. Day of installation

    The system goes in

    Keep the fan running at all times: it must run continuously for the system to work correctly.

  2. No sooner than 24 hours

    Earliest post-mitigation test

    Test no sooner than 24 hours after your system is in operation with the fan on, if it has one.

  3. Within 30 days

    Post-mitigation test done

    A two- to seven-day measurement is recommended, and EPA recommends an independent follow-up radon measurement as well as any test the contractor runs.

  4. At least every two years

    Retest

    Retest your home at least every two years to be sure radon levels remain low.

Test conditions: Windows and doors must be closed 12 hours before and during the test, except for normal entry and exit. Not drawn to scale.

After a remodel. After you remodel, retest in the lowest lived-in area to make sure the construction did not reduce the effectiveness of the radon reduction system.

After a radon reduction system is installed: test within 30 days, keep the fan running, and retest at least every two years and after a remodel.

Upkeep is light. Look at the warning device, usually a manometer, on a regular basis; never turn the fan off; and expect a fan to last five years or more. If you later finish the basement, retest in the lowest lived-in area to make sure the construction did not reduce the system's effectiveness.

Questions about radon in basements

Can you get rid of radon in a basement completely?

Not to zero, since outdoor air carries a little, about 0.4 pCi/L. But some radon reduction systems cut levels by up to 99 percent, and with today's technology radon levels in most homes can be reduced to 2 pCi/L or below.

Will a window fan or an exhaust fan get rid of radon in a basement?

Not reliably. Ventilation is only a temporary approach, because radon most often returns to its previous level within about 12 hours of closing up. See would an exhaust fan in a basement reduce radon.

Does sealing the basement floor stop radon?

Not on its own. Sealing alone has not been shown to lower radon levels significantly or consistently, which is why EPA does not recommend it by itself. It does make a suction system more effective and cost-efficient.

How do you reduce radon in a basement with a dirt floor?

For crawlspaces with earth floors, the method is to cover the earth with a high-density plastic sheet and draw radon from under it with a vent pipe and fan. Called submembrane suction, it is the most effective way to reduce radon in crawlspace homes. A qualified contractor can say whether that design suits your basement.

Can I finish a basement that has high radon?

Yes, and the renovation is a good moment to deal with it. Test the area before you start, include radon-resistant techniques as part of the work, where they can be added inexpensively, and test again after the work is completed.

Does radon stay in the basement?

No. Levels are usually higher in basements, but considerable radon concentration can also be found above the ground floor. See does radon gas rise.

How much does it cost to reduce radon in a basement?

Most homes can be fixed for about the same cost as other common home repairs, depending on how the home was built and the extent of the problem. Fan systems also add slightly to the electric bill. The mitigation cost page has the published figures.

Fix

How a mitigation system brings a high level down, the fan that runs it, and what it costs.

  • 23 min read

    Radon remediation system

    What gets rid of radon, how reduction and abatement work, and what they cost.

    Read the guide
  • 23 min read

    Radon fan

    How a radon mitigation fan works, where it goes, what it costs to run and replace.

    Read the guide
  • Overview page

    How radon mitigation works

    How mitigation systems reduce indoor radon, when to mitigate instead of retest, what a project involves, common mistakes, and how to confirm a system actually worked.

    Open the page